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Based Japanese Education

anon 0x28e said in #1776 12mo ago: 33

(https://twitter.com/yy_celeste/status/966290402658672640)

A few months ago, I encountered one of the most based tweets that I have ever seen. My Japanese is mediocre, so this is largely a machine translation, but I will try to do her writing and the classical poetry justice.

>When I was 19, I went to China on a budget and an old man on the train asked me, "Do you know anything about China? Do they teach about China in Japanese schools?" I quickly wrote "The country is destroyed, but the mountains and rivers remain. Spring is come to the city, the grass and trees are deep... (國破山河在 城春草木深...)" on a paper napkin I had on hand and showed him that I had learned that in middle school. He seemed to be like, "Seriously... this kid is so cultured..." To be honest, I can't say that I tried my best in Japanese when studying for entrance exams, and I only vaguely remember things like sentences I wrote down and marks, but I thought it was interesting to be able to read medieval Chinese poetry from over a thousand years ago (cf. Mr. Landau Taylor's categories), and to be able to converse with old men (ossan in Japanese, a familiar term for a middle-aged man) in modern China using it. I thought this was what education was all about. It's even a good idea to learn this through compulsory education. Now that I'm living overseas, whenever I see someone off or am seen off, I suddenly remember a poem of 李白(Lì Baek, Li Bai). There's a story in a middle school textbook that says, "At the Yellow Crane Tower, 孟浩然(Maéng Hàw-nyen, Meng Haoran) will be sent to 廣陵(Kwàng-ling)."

故人西辭黃鶴樓 (kú nyin sej zi hwang hak luw)
煙花三月下揚州 ('en hwae sam ngjwot háe yang tsyuw)
孤帆遠影碧空盡 ( ku bjom hjwòn 'jaèng pjaek khuwng dzìn)
唯見長江天際流 (ywij kén drjang kaewng then tsjéj liuw)

(translation edited from https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/339364362)
An old friend bids me farewell at the Yellow Crane Tower
In the scenic third month, he heads down to Yangchow.
The lone sail vanishes at the end of a blue sky,
Leaving the surging Yangtze to merge with the horizon.

Some notes: the Yellow Crane Tower is in modern day Wuhan, and the poet's friend is sent on official duty a few hundred km downstream (east) to Yangchow. The poem was probably composed in 730 during the 唐(Dang, Tang) golden age.

>I keep seeing off the ship carrying my friends until it disappears over the horizon.
I may never see you again, and even though I miss you so much, the sky is just blue and the river is flowing slowly, just like always.
>The person who wrote this poem was 1300 years ago.
The people of medieval China 1,000 years ago had many encounters and farewells, and had feelings similar to those of us living in the present day... Through this experience, I was able to understand the fragility and strength of human beings through this. Studying medieval Chinese poetry doesn't mean you'll suddenly make money, but I'm glad I was given that knowledge through compulsory education. I can't say it well, but even if I end up living in different countries, I can still think, "I'm the same person, and I'm sure things will work out." The accumulation of experiences from people in the past has led to the present, and if I'm just a little bit better in society, I think learning Chinese poetry has had a small influence on my ability to have an unfounded sense of positivity that I can contribute to the world.
>By the way, it's a public junior high school in the countryside.

A few months ago, I 33

anon 0x28f said in #1777 12mo ago: 22

The poem that she initially quoted is notable:

春望 - 杜甫 (Tsyhwin Mjáng - Dù Pjù)

國破山河在,城春草木深。( kwok phá srean ha dzòj, dzyeng tsyhwin tshàw muwk syim )
感時花濺淚,恨別鳥驚心。( kòm dzyi xwae tsén lwíj, hón bjet tèw kjaeng sim )
峰火連三月,家書抵萬金。(phjwong xwà ljen sam ngjwot, kae syo tèj mjón kim )
白頭搔更短,渾欲不勝簪。( baek duw saw kaéng twàn, hwon yowk pjut sying tsrim )

(translation from https://eastasiastudent.net/china/classical/du-fu-spring-view/)
The state (capital) is ruined, though mountains and rivers remain.
In the city in the spring, the grass and trees grow deeply.
Sensing the moment, flowers shed tears.
Hating the separation, birds are fearful at heart.
The beacons have burnt continuously for three months.
A letter from home is worth ten-thousand pieces of gold.
My white hair is even scarcer from scratching.
And can barely hold a hairpin.

This poem was composed in 757 as the 安祿山('An Luwk-srean, An Lushan) rebellion had captured the western capital of 長安(Drjang 'An, Chang'an). The rebellion ended a long period of peace under heaven, and is generally attributed by historians to be due to the complacency of the emperor, who awarded a particular general with far too many privileges, until this general decided that he would try to usurp the mandate of heaven. The statesman who wrote the poem, 杜甫(Dù Pjù, Du Fu) was trapped in the western capital when writing the poem. The statesman would eventually escape and find the emperor, and the rebellion was eventually suppressed, but it is still remembered as one of the bloodiest conflicts in human history.

N.B. When appropriate, I have used Baxter's transcription of Middle (Medieval) Chinese for the characters, adding tone marks to reflect a guess of possible tone contours of the time (i.e. an grave accent for the second (上, dzyàng) tone and an acute accent for the third (去, khjó) tone). The alignment is intended to show certain metric properties of the verse, which contrasts the first (平, bjaeng) tone against the other tones at specific points in verse. Tones with a final consonant are considered as a fourth (入, nyip) tone.

The poem that she in 22

anon 0x290 said in #1778 12mo ago: 22

>Sensing the moment, flowers shed tears.
Hating the separation, birds are fearful at heart.

This line 感時花濺淚,恨別鳥驚心 (kòm dzyi xwae tsén lwíj, hón bjet tèw kjaeng sim) is better interpreted as: the flowers sense the time and their petals fall like tears,
the birds that lament this separation (of the poet from his family) scare me because of their cries.

>The beacons

These are the signal fires of the military garrisons, to be used to indicate an enemy invasion. It's notable that Medieval China was not particularly fond of wall-building. Instead, talented generals were typically deployed to the frontier, where those bases could also be used for attack.

Hating the separatio 22

anon 0x29a said in #1789 12mo ago: 22

This post seems to need a picture of the Yellow Crane Tower itself. This is what the museum has as a model when the poem was composed. The photo from https://www.meipian.cn/1irslbtr is a little grainy, but I can't find anything better.

>別

This should be transcribed as pjet in this context.

This post seems to n 22

anon 0x29c said in #1791 12mo ago: 11

An unexpected pleasure to run into Tang poetry here. There was also a recent blockbuster Chinese movie centered on Li Bai and Gao Shi. It features this poem, among others, as well as a surprisingly thoughtful meditation on middle-aged ambitions in a turbulent empire.

Film: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27an_(film)
Trailer (eng sub): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecDlMymLt6E

An unexpected pleasu 11

anon 0x29d said in #1792 12mo ago: 22

>>1791

The poem that ends the trailer is a fun one, I'll use Baxter's transcription, albeit more lazily than OP. https://nk2028.shn.hk/qieyun-autoderiver/ if you want to play with it.

translation from: https://eastasiastudent.net/china/classical/li-bai-jiang-jin-jiu/

將(tsjang)進(tsinH)酒(tsjuwX) - 李白 (LiX Baek)
Bring in the Wine - LiX Baek

君(kjun)不(pjut)見(kenH)
Have you not seen -

黃(hwang)河(ha)之(tsyi)水(sywijX)天(then)上(dzyangX)來(loj),
that the waters of the Yellow River come from upon Heaven,

奔(pwon)流(ljuw)到(tawH)海(xojX)不(pjut)復(bjuwk)回(hwoj)。
surging into the ocean, never to return again;

君(kjun)不(pjut)見(kenH)
Have you not seen -

高(kaw)堂(dang)明(mjaeng)鏡(kjaengH)悲(pij)白(baek)髮(pjot),
in great halls' bright mirrors, grievances over white hair,

朝(trjew)如(nyo)青(tsheng)絲(si)暮(muH)成(dzyeng)雪(sjwet)。
at dawn like black threads, by evening becoming snow.

人(nyin)生(srjaeng)得(tok)意('iH)須(sju)盡(dzinX)歡(xwan),
In human life, accomplishment must bring total joy,

莫(mak)使(sriX)金(kim)樽(tswon)空(khuwng)對(twojH)月(ngjwot)。
do not allow an empty goblet to face the moon.

天(then)生(srjaeng)我(ngaX)材(dzoj)必(pjit)有(hjuwX)用(yowngH),
Heaven made me - my abilities must have a purpose;

千(tshen)金(kim)散(sanH)盡(dzinX)還(hwaen)復(bjuwk)來(loj)。
I spend a thousand gold pieces completely, but they'll come back again.

烹(phaeng)羊(yang)宰(tsojX)牛(ngjuw)且(tshjaeX)爲(hjwe)樂(lak),
Boil a lamb, butcher an ox - now we shall be joyous;

會(hwajH)須(sju)一('jit)飲('imX)三(sam)百(paek)杯(pwoj)。
we must drink three hundred cups all at once!

岑(dzrim)夫(pju)子(tsiX),丹(tan)丘(khjuw)生(srjaeng)。
Master Dzrim, Tan Khjuw-srjaeng, (friends of the poet)

將(tsjang)進(tsinH)酒(tsjuwX),杯(pwoj)莫(mak)停(deng)。
bring in the wine! The cups must not stop!

與(yoX)君(kjun)歌(ka)一('jit)曲(khjowk),
I'll sing you a song -

請(tshjengX)君(kjun)爲(hjweH)我(ngaX)傾(khjwieng)耳(nyiX)聽(theng)。
I ask that you lend me your ears.

鐘(tsyowng)鼓(kuX)饌(dzrwaenX)玉(ngjowk)不(pjut)足(tsjowk)貴(kjw+jH),
Bells, drums, delicacies, jade - they are not fine enough;

但(dan)願(ngjwonH)長(drjang)醉(tswijH)不(pjut)願(ngjwonH)醒(seng)。
I only wish to be forever drunk and never sober again.

古(kuX)來(loj)聖(syengH)賢(hen)皆(keaj)寂(dzek)寞(mak),
Since ancient times, sages have all been solitary;

惟(ywij)有(hjuwX)飲('imX)者(tsyaeX)留(ljuw)其(gi)名(mjieng)。
only a drinker can leave his name behind!

陳(drin)王(hjwang)昔(sjek)時(dzyi)宴('enX)平(bjaeng)樂(lak),
The Prince of Drin, in times past, held feasts at Bjaeng-lak;
note: The Prince of Drin is a famous poet, 曹植(Dzaw DriH, Cao Zhi) son of 曹操(Dzaw Tshaw, Cao Cao)
of Three Kingdoms fame, Bjaeng-lak was a location for revelry at the eastern capital of
洛陽(Lak-yang, Luoyang),

斗(tuwX)酒(tsjuwX)十(dzyip)千(tshen)恣(tsijH)歡(xwan)謔(xjak)。
ten thousand cups of wine - abandon restraint and be merry!

主(tsyuX)人(nyin)何(ha)為(hjweH)言(ngjon)少(syewX)錢(dzjen)?
Why would a host speak of having little money?

徑(kengH)須(sju)沽(ku)取(tshjuX)對(twojH)君(kjun)酌(tsyak)。
you must go straight and buy it - I'll drink it with you!

五(nguX)花(xwae)馬(maeX),千(tshen)金(kim)裘(gjuw)。
My five-flower horse (an expensive horse, with streaked fur),
my furs worth a thousand gold pieces,

呼(xu)兒(nye)將(tsjang)出(tsyhwit)換(hwanH)美(mijX)酒(tsjuwX),
call the boy and have him take them to be swapped for fine wine,

與(yo)爾(nyeX)同(duwng)銷(sjew)萬(mjonH)古(kuX)愁(dzrjuw)。
and together with you I'll wipe out the cares of ten thousand ages.

The poem that ends t 22

anon 0x29e said in #1793 12mo ago: 22

There are a few guess for the time of the composition, possibly after the poet was discharged from his duties by the emperor in 744. It would match the mood. I like this version in Taiwanese Hokkien: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nuUz0NZJtg.

So it really is as what Mr. Burja mentioned: you might not like it, but many decisions in civilization were made by drunk people.

There are a few gues 22

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